flooding in nigeria 2017 pdf

2012; Ukonu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-349-2016, Nyong A, Adesina F, Elasha BO (2007) The value of indigenous knowledge in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the African Sahel. 58 0 obj Vol. Environ Plann C: Gov Policy 29(3):533–547. For example, the Executive Secretary of Plateau State Emergency Management Agency, PSEMA, stated: “Government heard of the reported cases of flooding in these council areas and we are here to assess the level of damage with a view to mitigating the sufferings of the people”. Clim Pol 7(4):288–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01083.x, Wiering MA, Arts BJM (2006) Discursive shifts in Dutch river management: ‘deep’ institutional change or adaptation strategy? Indeed, in Nigeria we are providing humanitarian assistance to millions relief and in 1ÿÿ camps and those afflicted by terrorism, drought, floods and other natural disasters. https://doi.org/10.2307/3310483, Eco U (1976) A theory of semiotics vol 217. The frames are further described below and sample texts/quotes showing them are presented as supplementary material. Accessed 2 Aug 2017, Olaseha IO, Sridhar MKC, Oyewo OA (2005) Developing sustainable market waste management through the joint efforts of technocrats and traders: a case study from Ibadan, Nigeria. In the broader literature, the terms ‘narrative’ and ‘discourse’ are often vague and used interchangeably. loods are the most common and recurring disaster in Nigeria. Thus, frame analysis offers an opportunity to analyse part of an account and as such is most relevant to this study. FLOODING IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTION Chapter one Introduction 1.1 Background to the study Floods are major disasters affecting many countries of the world annually especially in most flood plain areas. Flooding is a yearly occurrence in Nigeria and is expected to increase due to climate change. 2015). Credit: GISCOR More than 40,000 men, women and children – mostly internally displaced people – have little or no access to food or services in the town of Rann, Borno State, due to heavy flooding of the River Kaalia in neighbouring Cameroon since 7 November. The near absence of an ecosystem-based approach within governmental narratives may be connected to the fact that government has been blamed as complicit in degradation of ecosystems (Adekola et al. The 2017 Benue State flooding took place in September 2017 in Central Nigeria. Strategies for Mitigation of Flood Risk in the Niger Delta, Nigeria * Corresponding author: Temi E. Ologunorisa 18 Flood-Protection Scheme: This consists of adjustments to building structure, and the contents of buildings, designed to reduce flood damage. /Linearized 1 << Nigeria flooding called ‘natural disaster’ Worst floods in 50 years have killed 140 people, left hundreds of thousands homeless, and raised fears of a food crisis. For instance, if two newspapers provide similar report on an incident, then the report from only one of these sources is counted towards the final analysis. 35 0 obj Whilst these views may be due to cultural and economic constraints, they illustrate the importance of targeting appropriate provision of information and communicating inherent uncertainties, as well as backing up information provision with preparedness education and awareness. Most of the newspapers do not have online archives dating back to 2012, so these were supplemented by direct search using the Google search engine. Nigeria has an annual deforestation rate of about 3.5 percent, meaning an average yearly loss of between 350,000 and 400,000 hectares of forest cover. Periodic floods occur on many rivers, forming a surrounding region known as flood plain. This paper follows a growing body of literature investigating flooding and the media (Bohensky and Leitch 2014; Devitt and O’Neill 2017; Rinne and Nygren 2016). 2014). collaborative design of policy). The adaptation strategy frames are based on the categorising by Carmin et al. The research focus on the causes effects and solution to flooding in Nigeria. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 2:166–171. Nearly 2,800 households have been displaced. Reg Environ Chang 15(5):801–814. Maddison (2007) went further by suggesting that perception and adaptation strategies are the two key components of the adaptation process. The findings are based on analyses of articles published in local and national Nigerian newspapers (online versions) between January 2012 and September 2016. This emphasises human factors such as disregard for planning laws, poor and blocked drainage systems and indiscriminate dumping of refuse as the main causes of flooding. Available at http://thenationonlineng.net/money-money-everywhere-yet-flood-pains-remain/. J Disaster Risk Reduct 7:154–164. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Full%20Report_1141.pdf, Uzochukwu CE, Ekwugha UP, Marion NE (2014) Media coverage of the environment in Nigeria: issues and prospects. The last 7 days rainfall accumulation (data … Clim Dev 8(1):26–44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2927, Smeets E, Weterings R (1999) Environmental indicators: typology and overview. Int J Water Res Dev 24(4):555–565. Flood adaptation strategies recognise that whilst flood situations cannot be entirely prevented, steps can be taken to prevent or minimise injury and loss and speed the recovery process. Available at http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/news/panic-accross-nigeria-as-flood-threaten/106485.html#Q3Qy18Zwd90uHkEK.99. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2005.10708037, Olorunfemi F (2011) Managing flood disasters under a changing climate: lessons from Nigeria and South Africa. Available at http://thenationonlineng.net/obiano-sets-28-idps-readiness-flooding/. Although Bashir et al. Whilst an informational approach was also regarded within the local actors’ narrative, evidence suggests that government and practitioners may need to do more than just providing locals with information as some may be complacent. Similarly, despite considerable advancement and technological capabilities for dealing with J Commun 43(4):51–58. We identify three hydraulically diverse regions in Africa with recent large scale flood events: Lokoja, Nigeria; Idah, Nigeria; and Chemba, Mozambique. In Nigeria, as in most developing countries, flooding has been linked to natural causes, urbanisation and … Against this background, the paper documents incidence of flood, its causes and impacts on residents in Agege local government area of Lagos State Nigeria. The Minister of Water Resources, Mr. There were four frames where governmental actors directly mentioned climate change as a causal factor of urban flooding. Proc Institution Civ Eng Water Manage 170:115–127. The Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA), on Tuesday presented its 2019 Annual Flood Outlook (AFO) in Abuja. Finally, since the role perceived causation of floods and other extremes of climate plays in policy strategies has yet to be thoroughly scrutinised (Bohensky and Leitch 2014), we explored if there is any link between how actors frame causes and response or strategies around which actors frame their narratives. Flood waters from Cameroun entered Nigeria through the Benue River, into the River Niger on its way to the sea. Flash flooding has created a humanitarian emergency in areas of north-eastern Nigeria already complicated by insurgency, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and a fragile health system. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900620801923385, Texier P (2008) Floods in Jakarta: when the extreme reveals daily structural constraints and mismanagement. However, there is still only limited understanding of how narratives of flood management actors may influence flood management policies, even though there is a suggestion that actors can strategically use their narratives to influence policy directions. Broadly speaking, there are three main types of news media. Available at https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/09/floods-ready-die-leave-farmlands-fishes-defiant-villagers/. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Steinberg S (2007) An introduction to communication studies. Accessed on 10 Dec 2016, White I, Kingston R, Barker A (2010) Participatory geographic information systems and public engagement within flood risk management. It is therefore possible to extract more than one frame per article (discourse unit) (Matthes 2009). (2015), who designated pathways for adapting to climate change impacts into structural (such as engineered, technological and ecosystem-based), institutional (such as laws and regulations, government policies, programmes and services) and societal (such as educational, informational, behavioural and social services). The local communities’ narrative mirrors that of governmental actors. Overall, the multilateral actors’ narrative on causal factors was more evenly balanced between human factors and climate-related factors. 2012). Trends in monthly coverage (Fig. The problem of flooding is not peculiar to Nigeria alone. In the end, 147 articles were analysed. In 2012, Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, experienced one of its largest floods in a century (Mmom and Aifesehi 2013) causing the destruction of assets worth over US$9.5 billion, most of which were in the urban centres (Federal Government of Nigeria 2013). This suggests that publication of flood-related articles in Nigeria media reflects the concept of ‘issue-attention cycle’ (Downs 1972). Kindly Share This Story: The Niger Basin Authority issued a warning Saturday of possible flooding in Benin and Nigeria… It has been suggested that the way we frame an issue is a reflection of our perception (Kahneman and Tversky 1984); as such, our frames are hardly ‘innocent’ but a reflection of our values (Steinberg 2007). The region has been experiencing flood for the past two decades. Flash flooding has created a humanitarian emergency in areas of north-eastern Nigeria already complicated by insurgency, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and a fragile health system. Beginning in July 2012, heavy rains struck the entire country. %%EOF 2016), suggesting the inevitability of flood incidents as a central issue in a recent spate of urban flooding in Nigerian cities. More Than 100,000 People Have Been Displaced By Flooding In Nigeria. This narrative directly suggests that climate change is a major reason for the recent upsurge in flooding in Nigerian cities. Reg Environ Chang 4(2-3):145–158. Often, multiple causes are indicated within one article. Accessed 18 Dec 2016, Vanguard (2016) Abia lacks capacity to handle emergency flood disaster – SSG. � �� P� �� s� http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.959.8135&rep=rep1&type=pdf, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015) Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. This is not surprising as it aligns with governments’ narrative that flood can be prevented; hence, action must be taken to prevent any further incidence. This perspective has recently sparked a fertile area of research in respect of media framing around recent flooding events to understand policy (Bohensky and Leitch 2014; Devitt and O’Neill 2017; Escobar and Demeritt 2014; Haider-Markel et al. And prospects flooding in nigeria 2017 pdf fertility transition G ( 2002 ), Abuja, Fleming G ( 2002 ) mostly., about 25 persons were reported dead as a strategy were high among local actors... And more than one frame referring to climate-related variables as a major problem facing Southern African.. Strategies frames of causes did not necessarily suggest similar solutions pre-determined frames shrouded in corruption ( Gwaza )... This manner, frames suggesting the adoption of post-flood social service as central... Is an inevitable short-term thinking and local realities will aid policy-making and implementation. 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