Like many European countries, Spain’s history dates back to the pre-Roman times and is characterized by warfare, conquest, great ages of Empire, and slow declines followed by independence. Spain suffered badly in the recession from 2008 and unemployment rose to a very high level. The many and varied cultures that have gone into the making of Spain—those of the Castilians, Catalonians, Lusitanians, Galicians, Basques, Romans, Arabs, Jews, and Roma (Gypsies), among other peoples—are renowned for their varied cuisines, customs, and prolific contributions to the world’s artistic heritage. Spain’s countryside is quaint, speckled with castles, aqueducts, and ancient ruins, but its cities are resoundingly modern. Definition and Examples, Catherine of Aragon - Marriage to Henry VIII, Queen Isabella II of Spain Was a Controversial Ruler, 6 Key European Dictators From the Twentieth Century, Industry and Agriculture History in Europe, M.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University, B.A., Medieval Studies, Sheffield University, Ferdinand and Isabella 1452 – 1516 / 1451 - 1504. This general history of Spain certain covers all the bases. In contrast, the granitic Galician mountains, at the northwestern end of the Hercynian block, have an average elevation of only 1,640 feet (500 metres), decreasing toward the deeply indented (ria) coast of the Atlantic seaboard. HISTORY OF SPAIN including The Catholic Monarchs, The Spanish Inquisition, The fall of Granada, Columbus and the monarchs, Columbus sets sail, San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola, Three last voyages, The Tordesillas Line, Spaniards in a new world, The legacy of Ferdinand The Iberian Peninsula was first inhabited around 800,000 BC and proved to be a much-desired piece of real estate through the centuries, as evidenced by the large number of foreign invaders that chart Spain’s history. Look into such subjects as the restoration of the Spanish monarchy, Spain's contemporary links with Latin America, separatist movements within the country, its new secularism and religious freedoms, its popularity as a travel destination, and its diverse economy. Flooding is always a potential hazard. The predominant fluvial regime in Spain is thus characterized by a long or very long summer period of low water. Spain suffered badly in the recession from 2008 and unemployment rose to a very high level. 202-452-0100). Part of Alpine Europe, the Pyrenees form a massive mountain range that stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Bay of Biscay, a distance of some 270 miles (430 km). Most of Spain comprises a large plateau (the Meseta Central) divided by a mountain range, the Central Sierra (Sistema Central), which trends west-southwest to east-northeast. The Spanish Civil War. Find us here too! Dinasty of the Austrias. The acquisition of these lands helps Spain to become the prominent power in Europe throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. In A.D. 412, the barbarian Visigothic leader Ataulf crossed the Pyrenees and ruled Spain, first in the name of the Roman emperor and then independently. Patreon: www.Patreon.com/Fireoflearning Lucinox – Our Science Channel: In pre-historic times parts of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) were occupied by Stone Age inhabitants whose legacies to posterity are remarkable cave paintings of animals. Unemployment in Spain reached a peak in 2013. Their highest points—Peñalara Peak at 7,972 feet (2,430 metres) and Almanzor Peak at 8,497 feet (2,590 metres)—rise well above the plains of the central plateau. Visigoths in Spain. Neanderthal man came about 200,000 years ago. In 2020 the population of Spain was 47 million. They founded a chain of trading settlements along the coast on islands and peninsulas. Much of the region is traditionally given over to cattle ranching and grain production; it was in this rural setting that Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote tilted at the tall windmills that still dot the landscape in several places. The mountains fall steeply on the northern side but descend in terraces to the Ebro River trough in the south. Cows grazing high in the central Pyrenees, Huesca province, Spain. It constitutes a relatively stable platform around which younger sediments accumulated, especially on the Mediterranean side. Torre Agbar skyscraper at night in Barcelona. Early unification of Spain's tribal groups occurred under Roman rule (circa 200 B.C.E. Roman Hispania and Lucitania. Originally thought to have been a Carthaginian settlement, it prospered under Roman rule and reached its apogee under the Moors, who seized control of Spain from the Visigoths at the start of the eighth century. The book concludes with a look at modern Spain as a fully integrated and enthusiastic member of the European community. Today the economy of Spain is growing steadily. Nearly half of Spain is moderately or severely affected, especially in the arid east (Almería, Murcia), as well as in much of subarid Spain (the Ebro basin). There are five major soil types in Spain. They speak other languages in some parts of the country. Only the Ebro River has a relatively constant and substantial flow—19,081 cubic feet (540 cubic metres) per second at Tortosa—coming from snowmelt as well as rainfall in the high Pyrenees. The Canary (Canarias) Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwestern African mainland, and the Balearic (Baleares) Islands, in the Mediterranean, also are parts of Spain, as are Ceuta and Melilla, two small enclaves in North Africa (northern Morocco) that Spain has ruled for centuries. Spain, country located in extreme southwestern Europe. Its relief is more diverse, however, owing to heavy faulting and warping caused by volcanic activity around the Calatrava Plain and to two complex river systems (the Guadiana and the Tagus) separated by mountains. Spain: History. Spain is a country in Southern Europe. In A.D. 412, the barbarian Visigothic leader Ataulf crossed the Pyrenees and ruled Spain, first in the name of the Roman emperor and then independently. The history of Spain is as rich, colorful, and diverse as any country in the world. In this video, we explore the amazing history of Spain. HISTORY OF SPAIN including The Catholic Monarchs, The Spanish Inquisition, The fall of Granada, Columbus and the monarchs, Columbus sets sail, San Salvador, Cuba, Hispaniola, Three last voyages, The Tordesillas Line, Spaniards in a new world, The legacy of … During the nineteenth century the political scene in Spain came to be dominated by the military, and in the twentieth century two dictatorships occurred: Rivera’s in 1923 – 30 and Franco’s in 1939 – 75. Where can you catch a Real Madrid game? This Spanish history timeline or chronological history of Spain lets you look for specific dates and see what was happening in Spain at that time. The Moors, who ruled over portions of Spain for nearly 800 years, left a legacy of fine architecture, lyric poetry, and science; the Roma contributed the haunting music called the cante jondo (a form of flamenco), which, wrote García Lorca, “comes from remote races and crosses the graveyard of the years and the fronds of parched winds. History Spain, originally inhabited by Celts, Iberians, and Basques, became a part of the Roman Empire in 206 B.C., when it was conquered by Scipio Africanus. The Moors - 8th to 11th Centuries. The Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans and Visigoths would all later settle here and, in the 8th century, Muslims came to the Iberian Peninsula, kick-starting a centuries-long power struggle between Muslims and Christians, with the latter group eventually establishing t… In 1516, Habsburg Spain unified a number of disparate predecessor kingdoms; its modern form of a constitutional monarchy was introduced in 1813, and the current democratic constitution dates to 1978. What if this mistake wasn’t made, and the Visigothic kingdom was still standing? Acidic southern brown earths (leading to restricted crop choice) are prevalent on the crystalline rocks of the western Meseta, and gray, brown, or chestnut soils have developed on the calcareous and alkaline strata of the eastern Meseta and of eastern Spain in general. Historia de España. Spain has a rich history, full of kings and queens, empires, and various cultures. The Iberian Peninsula seen from the International Space Station, July 26, 2014. In the country’s northeast are the broad valley of the Ebro River, the mountainous region of Catalonia, and the hilly coastal plain of Valencia. Although some maintain that “aridity rivals civil war as the chief curse of [historic] Spain,” the Iberian Peninsula has a dense network of streams, three of which rank among Europe’s longest: the Tagus at 626 miles (1,007 km), the Ebro at 565 miles (909 km), and the Douro at 556 miles (895 km). Relief on the nearly horizontal sedimentary strata of the Ebro depression is mostly plain or plateau, except at the eastern end where the Ebro River penetrates the mountains to reach the Mediterranean Sea. Spain is a storied country of stone castles, snowcapped mountains, vast monuments, and sophisticated cities, all of which have made it a favoured travel destination. Isolated farmstead in the region of La Mancha in the southern Meseta Central, south-central Spain. A Brief History of Spain. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolated NOW 50% OFF! Tourist information about Spain: art, culture, museums, monuments, beaches, cities, fiestas, routes, cuisine, natural spaces in Spain | spain.info in english The “Reconquista” - 8th to 15th Centuries. The entire western half of Iberia, with the exception of the extreme south, is composed of ancient (Hercynian) rocks; geologists refer to this Hercynian block as the Meseta Central. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The human history of the area now known as Spain is a long one. Teide Peak on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. The range comprises a series of parallel zones: the central axis, a line of intermediate depressions, and the pre-Pyrenees. Spanish dance history. Spain’s only other land border is in the far south with Gibraltar, an enclave that belonged to Spain until 1713, when it was ceded to Great Britain in the Treaty of Utrecht at the end of the War of the Spanish Succession. In Spain's northeast side are the Pyrenees mountains. To the south is the citrus-orchard-rich and irrigated lands of the valley of the Guadalquivir River, celebrated in the renowned lyrics of Spanish poets Federico García Lorca and Antonio Machado; over this valley rises the snowcapped Sierra Nevada. The history of Spain dates back to the Early Middle Ages. The term meseta is also used by geographers and local toponymy to designate the dominating relief unit of central Iberia. The Andalusian capital of Sevilla (Seville) is famed for its musical culture and traditional folkways; the Catalonian capital of Barcelona for its secular architecture and maritime industry; and the national capital of Madrid for its winding streets, its museums and bookstores, and its around-the-clock lifestyle. Although more extensive—more than 500 miles (800 km) long and up to 150 miles (240 km) wide—and with peninsular Spain’s highest summit, Mulhacén Peak, at 11,421 feet (3,481 metres), the Baetic ranges are more fragmented and less of a barrier than the Pyrenees. For 300 years afterward, Spanish explorers and conquerors traveled the world, claiming huge territories for the Spanish crown, a succession of Castilian, Aragonese, Habsburg, and Bourbon rulers. The Bourbon Dinasty II. Unlike the Ebro basin, the Guadalquivir depression is wide open to the sea on the southwest, and its delta has extensive marshland (Las Marismas). Seville: places to visit. Although the origins of some of the spectacular badlands of southeastern Spain, such as Guadix, may lie in climatic conditions from earlier in Quaternary time (beginning 2.6 million years ago), one of the major problems of modern Spain is the threat of desertification—i.e., the impoverishment of arid, semiarid, and even some humid ecosystems caused by the joint impact of human activities and drought. Madrid is Spain’s largest city and is also its financial and cultural centre, as it has been for hundreds of years. In due course these sediments were pushed by major earth movements into mountain ranges. Historical Summary of Spain Spain was invaded by Napoleon and saw struggles between an allied force and France, which the allies won, but this triggered independence movements among Spain’s imperial possessions. Illustration depicting Christopher Columbus's fleet departing from Spain in 1492. The Spanish town Bunol hosts an annual tomato-throwing festival called "La Tomatina". VIDEOS ABOUT HISTORY OF SPAIN. Author of. 5 Chapter 3. The history of Spain can be traced back to the earliest people whose cave paintings still remain at Altamira in Cantabria. Early History People have lived on the Iberian Peninsula for about 500,000 years. The Bourbon Dinasty I. Media in category "History of Spain" The following 136 files are in this category, out of 136 total. Before embarking on a trip to Spain, learning a bit about its history can make your trip more meaningful. A timeline of Spain. The rich cultural and political life of Spain has emerged from its complex history, from the diversity of its peoples, and from continual contact with outside influences. The history of Spain encompasses some of the most captivating, complex, and entertaining stories you can find in all the world. What is the capital of Sweden? Spain officially remained neutral during World War I and World War II. This is the regime of all the major arteries that drain the Meseta as well as those of the Mediterranean seaboard, such as the Júcar and the Segura: for example, from August to September the Guadiana River usually has less than one-tenth of its average annual flow. Spain has borders with France, Portugal, Andorra and Morocco. Soil erosion resulting from the vegetation degradation suffered by Spain for at least the past 3,000 years has created extensive badlands, reduced soil cover, downstream alluviation, and, more recently, silting of dams and irrigation works. Like many European countries, Spain’s history dates back to the pre-Roman times and is characterized by warfare, conquest, great ages of Empire, and slow declines followed by independence. The Iberian Peninsula has been occupied by many empires over the centuries. The Júcar River flowing past a 14th-century castle at Cofrentes, Valencia, Spain. Spain and the Roman empire: 3rd c. BC - 5th c. AD Spain is a rich prize for any empire-builder. Ebooks downloaded Una historia de Espana / A History of Spain 9788420438177 by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Attractively illustrated throughout, Spain: A History is the best historical account of Spain currently available for general readers. The northern Meseta Central, which has an average elevation of 2,300 feet (700 metres), corresponds to the tablelands, or plateau, of Castile and León, although it is in fact a basin surrounded by mountains and drained by the Douro (Duero) River. However, it then fell. The timeline and period of the Muslim Conquest of Spain. The flow of many Iberian streams has been reduced artificially by water extraction for purposes such as irrigation. Par flores joe le vendredi, décembre 11 2020, 19:17 - Lien permanent On July 18, 1936, a conservative army officer in Morocco, Francisco Franco Bahamonde, led a mutiny against the government. It occupies about 85 percent of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with its smaller neighbour Portugal. The Iberians gave the Phoenicians silver in return for wine and olive oil as well as jewelry. The Iberian Peninsula in pre-Roman Times : Iberians : Celts : Carthaginians. Warden of St. Antony's College, University of Oxford, 1968–87. The Historic City of Toledo was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive monumental and cultural heritage. The Tagus, like the Douro and the Guadiana, reaches the Atlantic Ocean in Portugal. to circa 475 C.E. ) The hydrographic network on the Mediterranean side of the watershed is poorly developed in comparison with the Atlantic systems, partly because it falls into the climatically driest parts of Spain. After the completion of the Reconquista, the kingdoms of Spain were united under Habsburg rule in 1516. Since the Pyrenees Mountains were such a significant barrier in the north, and Spain is just 9 miles … With the steady erosion of its continental and overseas empire throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, however, Spain was all but forgotten in world affairs, save for the three years that the ideologically charged Spanish Civil War (1936–39) put the country at the centre of the world’s stage, only to become ever more insular and withdrawn during the four decades of rule by dictator Francisco Franco. The Kingdom of Spain is a country that existed from 1516 to 1998. A Short History of Spain and Portugal Chapter 1. Among the most important remains of this period are the Cave of Altamira , Cova Negra and Piñar . From about 900 BC a seafaring people called the Phoenicians who came from what is now Lebanon traded with what is now Spain. VIDEOS ABOUT HISTORY OS SPANISH CITIES . History . Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The short, swift streams of Galicia and Cantabria, draining to the northwestern and northern coasts, respectively, have only a slight or, at most, modest summer minimum. In the southeast the Iberian Cordillera links with the Baetic Cordillera, also a result of Alpine earth movements. The history of Spain encompasses some of the most captivating, complex, and entertaining stories you can find in all the world. Brown forest soils are restricted to humid Galicia and Cantabria. The southern Spanish city of Córdoba has a long and fascinating history. Saline soils are found in the Ebro basin and coastal lowlands. The country has been ruled since then by a succession of elected governments, some socialist, some conservative, but all devoted to democracy. History of Europe. This category is for questions and answers about the history of the largest country on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe, Spain. Today the economy of Spain is growing steadily. 1807. It includes a fascinating look at the … In Imperial Spain, J.H. A former Fulbright fellow in Spain, he is a member of the Society for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies and author of Philip II of Spain (1975) and Commander of the Armada (1989) and numerous articles and book chapters on early modern Spanish history. The southern Meseta Central (the Meseta of Castile–La Mancha) is some 330 feet (100 metres) lower. Al-Andalus is the name given to the Iberian Peninsula when it was under Muslim rule. Al Andalus and the Spanish Reconquest. Located at the confluence of the Darro and Genil rivers in southern Spain, the city of Granada was a Moorish fortress that rose to prominence during the reign of … By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Profile of Spanish Dictator Francisco Franco, The Four Marriages of King Philip II of Spain, Catherine of Aragon - Early Life and First Marriage, What Is Autocracy? The Catholic Kings. Franco kept Spain out of World War 2 and survived in power; he planned a transition back to monarchy for when he died, and this occurred in 1975 – 78 with the re-emergence of a democratic Spain. The country is geographically and culturally diverse. However, nearly all Iberian rivers have low annual volume, irregular regimes, and deep valleys and even canyons. Along the Mediterranean seaboard there are coastal plains, some with lagoons (e.g., Albufera, south of Valencia). While many people make this common connection between Spain and flamenco, a plethora of traditional dances from Spain's various regions weave into the lengthy history of Spanish dance. The History of Spain: Land on a Crossroad by Professor Joyce Salisbury is a fairly good survey of Spanish history. The Guadiana and the Guadalquivir are 508 miles (818 km) and 408 miles (657 km) long, respectively. Its southern plains rise gradually to the Sierra Morena. Caves throughout the country tell us plenty about Spain’s earliest inhabitants. The oldest historical findings made in Spain date of about 30000 to 50000 b.C. Los mejores videos de la Historia de España por etapas históricas, personajes y acontecimientos. As a result, the Meseta Central defined by relief is subdivided by geology into a crystalline west (granites and gneisses) and a sedimentary east (mainly clays and limestones). Return to main History of Spain page Back to the Early 20th Century and the Civil War - 1900 to 1939 The war left it's scars, on the people, the buildings around them, and the infrastructure of the country. Spain: History 1492 Christopher Columbus arrives in the Americas, commencing a period of conquest throughout South and Central America. In the ninth century BCE, the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Celts all entered the region but by the second century BCE, the Romans had settled there. People have lived on the Iberian Peninsula for about 500,000 years. Spain maintains an embassy in the United States at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 (tel. Sort out the facts in this quiz about historic European cities and countries. Updates? Social beliefs and customs practiced in Spain areinfluenced by the local religion and traditions. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! The Iberian Peninsula has been occupied by many empires over the centuries. The outer zones of the Pyrenees are composed of sedimentary rocks. The concept of Spanish dance immediately conjures up images of the strumming guitars, stomping feet and bright dresses of flamenco. In 2020 the population of Spain was 47 million. The most impressive, with sophisticated paintings of bison, stag, boar and horses, are at Altamira near Santander, and date from around 12, 000 BC. Spain and the Roman empire: 3rd c. BC - 5th c. AD: Spain is a rich prize for any empire-builder. Spain accounts for five-sixths of the Iberian Peninsula, the roughly quadrilateral southwestern tip of Europe that separates the Mediterranean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean. Remains found in the Atapuerca Mountains indicate that man first arrived in Spain almost one million years ago. The people of Spain are called Spaniards. Married women wear wedding rings on their right hands asopposed to the left hand. Spain (Spanish: España, ()), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean. When interactingwith the elderly they show respect by using titles such as (don for men; anddona for women). Spain History View of Toledo at the Tagus River. Thousands of years ago Iberians and Celts lived there, and the Phoenicians made a few cities there to get tin and silver to trade.. Several mountains border the plateau: the Cantabrian Mountains (Cordillera Cantábrica) to the north, the Iberian Cordillera (Sistema Ibérico) to the northeast and east, the Sierra Morena to the south, and the lower mountains of the Portuguese frontier and Spanish Galicia to the northwest. History . ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Acute shortages and starvation wages were widespread in the early 1940s, a period which saw the worst inflation in Spain's history. Around 3000 B.C. There was also another world war going, which Spain stayed out of. History of Latin America. Elsewhere the country is bounded by water: by the Mediterranean Sea to the east and southeast, by the Atlantic Ocean to the northwest and southwest, and by the Bay of Biscay (an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean) to the north. We will not know, because they were defeated by the Muslims in 711. Unemployment in Spain reached a peak in 2013. Modern humans first came about 40,000 years. More information about Spain is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here: CIA World Factbook Spain Page U.S. Embassy History of U.S. Relations With Spain Christian Spain from the Muslim invasion to about 1260, Castilian institutions, society, and culture, Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia, 1276–1479, The “Golden Age” in architecture and painting, The French invasion and the War of Independence, 1808–14, Moderates, progressives, and the generals, The Revolution of 1868 and the Republic of 1873, Primo de Rivera (1923–30) and the Second Republic (1931–36), The administration of Felipe González, 1982–96, Spain at the beginning of the 21st century, Zapatero and a new generation of Socialist leadership, Economic recovery and Catalonian independence, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Europe :: Spain, h2g2 - The History of Spain - The Christian Reconquest, Spain - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Spain - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). A Spanish New Year's tradition, eating twelve green grapes at midnight, is thought to bring good luck. This general history of Spain certain covers all the bases. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Brief Overview of the History of Spain Spain is located in Southwest Europe on the eastern Iberian Peninsula which it shares with Portugal. To the northwest is the Cantabrian Mountains, a rugged range in which heavily forested, rain-swept valleys are interspersed with tall peaks. Islam arrived in that region with the arrival of the Moors during the 8 th century AD, and succeeded in conquering almost the entire peninsula in less than a decade. Offshore in the Mediterranean, the Balearic Islands are an unsubmerged portion of the Baetic Cordillera. 10 Chapter 6. From 2014 onward Spain recovered from the crisis. 6 Chapter 4. It is in the Iberian Peninsula. Its heartland is the Meseta, a broad central plateau half a mile above sea level. It has mines of gold, silver and copper, and a plentiful supply of … In comparison, the flow of the Douro is only 5,050 cubic feet (143 cubic metres) per second. From 2014 onward Spain recovered from the crisis. Although the origins of some of the spectacular badlands of southeastern Spain, such as Guadix, may lie in climatic conditions from earlier in Quaternary time (beginning 2.6 million years ago), one of the major problems of modern Spain is the threat of desertification—i.e., the impoverishment of arid, semiarid, and even some humid ecosystems caused by the joint impact of human activities and drought. In fact, all the major rivers of Spain except the Ebro drain into the Atlantic Ocean. He is the author of the History in an Afternoon textbook series.
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