Finally, even with all the noise reduction measures included as outlined, noise levels in close proximity will likely be in the range of 85 to 95 dBA. However, the values given in Table 1 are theoretical values. This article explains how you can take action now, starting with small steps. Noise is either natural such as thunder or man-made. Industrial Noise Pollution This is posing to be a big challenge with very passing day and is a threat to safety and health of the people who are working in … It should not be shielded appreciably by projecting parts of the building or by other materials. Textile and pollution: The textile process deals with production of fiber, yarn and fabric followed by pre and post chemical, mechanical process. Fortunately, there are a handful of things using which you can reduce Noise Pollution from accumulating in the city. If the impact can be spread over a short period (and thus converted into more of a squeezing or shearing operation), an appreciable noise reduction is obtained. Ear Protection. For any one constant noise source, the reflect sound level will always be lower in a large enclosure than in a small one. Where there is low-frequency vibration, however, the deflection necessary for adequate isolation may cause too great a movement of the machine. Where flexible connections are impracticable, the introduction of bends into a pipe will reduce its efficiency as a conductor of vibration. When combined with sound-absorbing treatment, the shielding of a noise source by a partial enclosure is a very useful method of noise reduction in factories where complete enclosure cannot be achieved (because of large openings required for continuous access, or other reasons). If the work-piece is resonating, clamping of it to a suffer structure will reduce the noise. On the other hand, the noise level within the enclosure itself will be higher than it would have been if uncontained, unless some extra noise absorption treatment is applied. Management should take care to place the noisiest part of the factory as far away as possible from the neighbouring buildings, since the noise level decreases by 6 dB as the distance from the source is doubled. As a general rule, partial enclosures are specially designed for each situation; but they may also be made up of standard panels when such enclosures are not required for long periods. When airborne sound reaches an impervious partition, this (i.e., the partition) must be set in vibration before the sound can be radiated by the other side of it. 1 shows the typical decrease in sound pressure level with increasing distance from the source for an untreated factory with normal hard inside surfaces, and for a similar factory of same size with a lining of sound-absorbing material at the ceiling. A double- leaf enclosure, in its simplest form, is a cavity wall with no rigid ties across the cavity. An example of this is a casing for noisy gears (where the noise is radiated from the face of the gears). When a factory is planned, the planners should keep in mind that many of the very noisy processes have alternatives that produce far less noise. There may, for example, be a direct air path over the top of a partition (as through a porous sound-absorbing ceiling). 3. A temporary increase in damping, to reduce the noise from the riveting of steel plates for example, can be obtained with sand bags, or even by ensuring that the plate is continuously supported over its whole area. Creating as much distance as possible between your workers and the source of the noise is also another way to reduce the effect of the pollution. Obviously, the absorbing material must be exposed to the direct noise. Some of the proprietary mounts have built-in leveling devices, and since vibration mounting stops the machine from “walking”, holding down bolts are not required. Noise-Cancelling Headphones. This requires a reasonably stiff mount. Besides ceiling, other direct air paths may be from one open window to another (by-passing the partition), or along a duct through the enclosure. In very large spaces where the smallest horizontal dimension is more than ten times the height, the total (i.e., direct plus reflected) sound level tends to decrease continuously as the distance from the source increases. Have industrial pollution control policies in place, especially if you operate a factory or production plant. Thus, even quite small sources will be directional at high frequencies (i.e., small wavelengths). Enclosures to Reduce Noise 5. To do this you can erect acoustic enclosures – which help to reduce noise levels from industrial activity – or erect barriers to block the direct path of noise. Besides reducing noise, vibration isolation between the machine and the floor has other important advantages. It must be used either in shear or in compression, and is generally bonded to metal in order to provide connections. Ask yourself: could you do the work in a quieter way? Such a resonance can be prevented by substituting a highly damped, material for the resonating component. We note here that the hearing of speech and warning signals in a noisy factory is not affected by ear protection, since both the speech level and the noise level are reduced in the same ratio. And its importance will only increase with the advent of the next-generation aircraft. A small partial enclosure around a single machine is one of the few forms of noise control that protects the operator from the noise of his own machine. An enclosed machine may be noisier in fact (unless proper precautions are taken to isolate its housing) than if it were not enclosed. noise pollution Essay 400 words: Any form of pollution that can trace its immediate source to industrial practices is known as industrial pollution. A reduction in noise level of about 50 dB can be readily achieved by an ordinary building enclosure. However, what you can do is update you can make modifications that’ll help you control the noise level on construction site. 3 for the treated and untreated factories. The reason for this is the larger surface area in the case of an enclosed machine. Noise caused by turbulence at outlets, valves, and bends in pipes and ducts can be reduced by careful streamlining as well as by lowering the velocity of air or gas passing through them. Here is why control of noise pollution in the workplace is important and how you can work to reduce it. Vibration Isolation 3. Develop a Corporate Sustainability Program Successful companies like Apple, IKEA, Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks and Google have one thing in common: They all support environmental sustainability and have strict industrial pollution control practices in place. In cases where the rate of reciprocation is not important, decreasing this rate will reduce the noise, provided that loose parts are not excited to vibrate at a higher frequency. Reflected noise paths can be reduced by adding sound-absorbing panels to walls and by hanging sound-absorbing devices (unit absorbers) from ceilings. The reduction in noise level obtained by sound-absorbing treatment increases with the size of the enclosure, and with the area and sound-absorbing efficiency (i.e., sound absorption coefficient) of the absorbing material, as well as with the distance from the source. Where possible, use modern construction equipment that has been designed specifically to produce less noise. Noise Reduction and Layout 4. (ii) Reducing the Potential Noise Energy: It is well known that the amount of noise radiated from a surface depends on the amplitude of the vibration and on the area of the radiating surface. Thus, in a building of heavy construction (such as a multi-storey factory), most of the noise escapes through the windows, which act as the “weak” parts of the enclosure. Another form of enclosure is a cover for a noise source or a machine. Small factories (in the case of small-scale industrial units, for example) generally consist of only two main groups of accommodation viz.. Large factories, on the other hand, may have separate enclosed areas tor different parts of the production process, and thus may offer more scope for noise control. Factories and industries should be located far from the residential areas. To be effective, however, the coating should be at least equal in weight to the panel. This will be an advantage if the machine operators have to be able to locate “information” sounds from their own machines. With fairly complete enclosure (such as that provided by a tunnel), a reduction of about 20 dB above 500 Hz may be achieved. This is particularly needed if the doors form a large part of the total wall area. The office should, in any case, be situated away from the noisiest part of the factory. In factories where there is no such internal subdivision, not much noise reduction can be achieved by the layout of the machines alone. If this is not done, the noise level inside the enclosure will be higher than before (due to reflected sound), and this will reduce the efficiency of the enclosure besides making the noise worse for its occupants. For reducing the noise in a factory, equally important is the isolation of a vibrating source within a machine from other parts that can radiate the noise. The total intensity of sound at any point, therefore, will consist of a direct component and a reflected (or reverberant) component. When a source of noise is enclosed in a room, the direct sound will decrease as the distance from the source increases (as is the case in open air). If redesigning the office is not a feasible option, perhaps the easiest way to reduce noise in your open office space is by purchasing a pair of high quality noise cancelling headphones.Some quality brands even boast 100% noise reduction using microphones and special processing to create an opposite sound wave than the one headed for your eardrum. The noise transmitted through these openings can be reduced by adding a duct to the opening and lining the inside with a sound-absorbing material. The junction of the cover and the machine should be sealed with a gasket Soft enough to stop vibration being transmitted to the cover. The double wall may give a higher average noise reduction than a single wall, though it is more effective only at high frequencies. It follows from the above discussion that there are two basic methods of reducing the noise at source, viz., (a) By reducing the amount of energy communicated to the vibrating surface; and. Noise pollution is a big issue in the modern working world, particularly for those exposed to industrial noise pollution on an everyday basis. The total area of such a mat is important; and so is its thickness. © 2017 EnvironmentalPollution - All rights reserved, Acoustic Doors used to Control Noise | Noise Pollution, Top 4 Ways to Reduce Noise at Office | Noise Pollution, Causes of Water Pollution in India (7 Answers), Causes of Water Pollution: Essay, Paragraph, Article and Speech. Isolating machines from the floor will reduce the radiation of low-fre­quency noise, and also prevent its transmission to remote parts of the factory. For example, if a noise source is placed at the centre of a 400 x 400 m2 site, the noise level at the boundary of the site will be at least 18 dB lower (at all frequencies) than the noise source were 25 m from the boundary. In commercial, hospital, and industrial buildings, adequate soundproof systems should be installed. To a lesser extent, the machine tools and other equipment used in the factory will also influence the noise level in the factory. When a jet of air is used for cleaning off, or for lifting parts from dies, the air pressure should be kept at the minimum required for the operation. This is the main reason why the cavity needs to be continuous all round a double-leaf enclosure for noise reductions above 50-55 db. The noise in a factory with close machine spacing and sound absorbent treatment is, in fact, less confusing. One of the basic principles of noise control is that noise should be reduced as near the source as possible. If the noise emission from an impulsive source is not too frequent, an appreciable reduction in the average noise level can be obtained by sound-absorbing treatment. To radiate sound effectively at 100 Hz, for example, a source must be of the order of a square metre in area; but at 1,000 Hz intense sound can be radiated from a source of only a few cm2. (b) By reducing the efficiency of the surface as a radiator of noise. Consequently, the resultant noise reduction will depend on the resistance of the partition to vibration (i.e., on its weight per unit area) and also on the frequency of the noise concerned (since it requires more energy to move the partition at a faster rate). Most machine tools are not likely to generate low-frequency vibration, and the resilient mount may then be placed between the machine casting and the floor. Frictional noise generated by the cutting action of tools and saws can be reduced by keeping them sharp. The natural frequency depends on the stiffness of the system. For example, noise caused by the handling and dropping of materials on hard surfaces can be reduced by the following methods: (a) By covering surfaces with resilient materials; (b) By using resilient materials for containers; and. One should also keep in mind that excessive noise from a tool, for its type, size and power level, generally indicates low mechanical efficiency. Even a flexible connection will transmit vibration if it is taut. To increase the effectiveness of the double-leaf enclosure at low frequencies, the cavity must be made 15 to 30 cm wide. To contain the noise, the cover should be heavy and aright. Earplugs are inexpensive, small, and inconspicuous when worn. A double wall will give twice the reduction of a single leaf. Community development or urban management should be done with long-term planning, along with an aim to reduce noise pollution. The typical decay of the noise level for an impulsive emission of sound every second is shown in Fig. In fact, the speech communication may even be improved because the sound levels are reduced to a range in which the ear is more sensitive. Noise pollution is commonly generated inside many industrial facilities and some other workplaces, but it also comes from road, rail, and air traffic and from construction activities. Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the public about the causes and effects of noise pollution. Sound-absorbing materials, however, do not reduce the direct component of the sound level, which is predominant near the source. In addition to resilient materials, pneumatic suspension has also been suggested as a method of vibration isolation, although it would be more expensive than other forms of suspension. In multi-storey factories (where the floors are more liable to vibrate, and to radiate noise both upwards and downwards), such isolation is an essential part of noise reduction. We consider now the case of an impulsive noise source. The peak absorption of a panel occurs when the panel vibrates in resonance, and this condition generally occurs at a low frequency. To obtain an appreciable amount of noise reduction, the duct should incorporate several right- angle bends; otherwise, it needs to be very long. An educational programme, therefore, on the nature of industrial hearing damage and the role of ear protectors is desirable when the hearing protection programme is introduced. In light of these regulations, reducing noise pollution in the workplace is vital for both your workers and your business. An otherwise satisfactory vibration-isolating installation can often be made useless by rigid pipe and conduit connections, which “short-circuit” the isolators. The sound reduction factor of a partition increases by about 5 dB for each doubling of the weight, or of the frequency of sound. Where the “weaker” part of the construction makes up half its total surface area, the total sound reduction factor cannot be more than 3 dB above the lower value (corresponding to the “weaker” part of the enclosure). Can you replace particularly noisy equipment with something more sound efficient? If you’ve just invested in construction equipment, replacing it with machines designed specifically to reduce noise pollution doesn’t make much sense. If the factory under consideration is located in a built-up area, or in an area that is likely to be developed in the future, consideration should be given to the position of noise sources on the site. Other noises caused by friction in machines, conveyors, and roller trolleys can be minimised by proper lubrication. Particulate matter can cause respiratory disease, and carbon emissions are a form of air pollution that contribute to the greenhouse effect and anthropogenic climate change. Beyond this, the noise is conducted directly by the bone structure of the head to the inner ear (by-passing the hearing protection). The noise radiated by machinery guards can be minimized by making them of perforated sheet or of wire mesh. Alternatively, the pipe itself should be supported on vibration mounts for a considerable distance from the source. As a general rule, the noise radiated from metal plates and other metal parts is made more intense by resonance in such parts. In many cases, a large area of material has been used with negligible effect because the mounting has been too stiff. With densely packed machinery in a factory, the reduction in a factory, the reduction in sound level due to the absorption is very small. In addition, the increased directional characteristics of the noise environment will also improve speech communication a little. Machine rattle can be minimised by proper maintenance. The load per unit area must be high enough to give deflection adequate for the isolation required. It will be noticed from Table 2 that most of the porous sound- absorbing materials are also effective heat-insulating materials. Resonance can be prevented in machine parts by: Stiffening, which is generally easier, is satisfactory when the frequency range of the driving source is narrow and constant. The sources of noise in a factory can be grouped under: We discuss now the precautions that should be taken to keep the noise energy of a source at a minimum, for each of these groups of noise sources. Most of the pollution on the planet can be traced back to industries of some kind. This article throws light upon the top seven ways of reducing noise in factories. Where the panel concerned is a permanent part of the equipment, it can be stiffened by corrugations or by adding ribs. For walls with cavities up to 5 cm. Ear protection, however, is not likely to be popular with factory workers unless they understand why it is necessary. Overall, introducing a low-noise-emission purchasing policy in your company is good practice. Where it is not possible to avoid a common wall between the office space and the production area, the wall should be heavy, with as few connecting doors as possible and no permanent openings. We can Reduce Noise pollution by turning off appliances when not in use, use of earplugs, lowering the volume, planting more trees, regular maintenance of vehicles and machines etc. Tunnels, open-sided boxes, hoods, and combinations of screens are a few examples of partial enclosures. The machine is then operated through the opening of such a small, partial enclosure. In such cases, the cover should be isolated from the source by resilient fixings. Wherever it is not possible to reduce noise exposure to the permissible limit at the source or in the path, the workers exposed to high should be provided with suitable ear protector. Among these two factors, the amplitude is determined by the resistance of the surface to oscillatory motion, and the power available to drive it. For more information, please get in touch with a member of our friendly team on 0161 764 4004 or fill out our quick enquiry form. On the other hand, porous materials, and thin sheet materials mounted in panels over an airspace, are much more efficient as sound absorbers than heavy, hard-surfaced materials. In addition, some sound-absorbing material will be necessary inside the cover to prevent the build- up of sound energy. Prefabri­cated partitions, and those constructed of sheet materials, require special precautions to ensure that all the joints are properly sealed. A similar arrange­ment is necessary if a machine needs to be bolted down to achieve sufficient rigidity. Sound-Absorbing Materials 6. Dry cotton wool is often used as a makeshift earplug; but, being porous, it does not provide an adequate seal, and the reduction of noise is slight. Another method, suitable for larger portable tools, is to conduct the exhaust air away, through a second line, to a remote silencer. The isolation of impact vibration (or shock) is based on a different principle. Use quiet power tools and equipment to manage noise pollution. The resultant levels are due to general mechanical noise associated with gears and bearings and noise transmitted through the blower case itself. Often the noise excites a high-frequency resonance. However, the vibration is conducted along a mechanically rigid path to a surface that can act as an effective radiator. Supporting structures for vibrating machines and other equipment will radiate less noise if they are frames than if they are cabinets or sheeted enclosures. The frequencies involved here are generally higher than with floor isolation, so that the deflection required in these fixings need not be so large. Environmental Studies, Pollution, Noise Pollution, Factories, Terms of Service Privacy Policy Contact Us. Change can begin with our daily choices as individuals. Such materials reduce the amount of reflected sound by absorbing it. As most of the noise that escapes is radiated from the opening of a partial enclosure, the noise reduction obtained depends on the degree of enclosure. (e) Reducing the noise produced from a vibrating machine by vibration damp­ing i.e. Access openings will generally be weak points in an enclosure. Musical instruments sound should be controlled to desirable limits. Noise Pollution. For example, the reduction in vibration transmitted to the floor will enable the live-load allowance for vibration to be reduced, and the reduction of shock loading within the machine may increase its useful life. The higher the ratio between the two frequencies, the greater the noise reduction; but it is difficult to achieve a very large reduction in practice. The reduction of vibration obtained in this way depends on the ratio of the driving frequency of the source to the natural frequency of the resiliently supported system. Doors should be provided with (and, if possible, give) the same degree of sound reduction as the rest of the enclosure. and convey systems with … The sound absorption is likely to be a little higher if the absorbing material is installed vertically in the roof space, as a series of baffles, than if it is applied as a roof lining. This is particularly true for the high-frequency noise, which is more directional. In the case of small pneumatic tools, for example, this can be achieved by incorporating in the tools an exhaust collecting sleeve. Heavy industries like shipbuilding and iron and steel have long been associated with Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). The ways are: 1. This, however, would only be so if the cavity between the walls were impracticably wide, and there were no indirect transmission through floor or ceiling. Holes amounting to as little as 0.01% of the total area of the enclosing construction will transmit more than half the sound energy, thus lowering the total sound reduction by 3 db. Noise can hardly be a major consideration in the choice of an industrial process; but it must be taken into account as one of the economic factors. blowing dust from surface, reducing excess air can reduce air pollution from industries Designing your workplace to lower noise emission is one of the most time-consuming, but effective, ways to deal with the issue. Industries cause environmental degradation through four main types of pollution i.e. Noise Reduction at Source 2. A permanent increase in damping (in resonating parts of equipment, for example) will be achieved if the surface concerned is coated with a chemical compound of the kind used for under-sealing cars. In this case, the vibration energy is not absorbed in the amount. In other cases, the source of noise may be isolated as a separate part within the machine, with the power transmitted through belts or shafts incorporating resilient couplings. Waxes cotton wool, on the other hand, will give more reduction; but it still does not compare with a well- designed earplug. How to reduce noise pollution by industries Ask for details ; Follow Report by Jathi37 03.09.2018 Log in to add a comment Noise in industries is also an occupational hazard because of its attendant effects on workers' health. Any parts of the enclosure construction that, although airtight, transmit sound more easily than the rest will have much the same effect. Training and information must also be provided at 80 decibels. If the absorption coefficient of the ceiling or floor is close to unity, the reduction of sound level with distance will be almost equal to that in open air. In this way, the sound level continues to build up, if the source is continuous, to a total level appreciably higher than that of the original direct sound. Wherever it is possible, the opening should face a wall covered with sound-absorbing material, or should be baffled with a screen of the same construction as the enclosure. It is stored for a short time and released at a slower rate. On the other hand, increasing the damping will be more effective if the exciting force covers a wide range of frequency. It can cause long-term and irreversible damage to workers who are not properly protected or equipped to deal with the noise. 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