parenthetical citation chicago

Titles of sources italicized. See the, There are two different Chicago Styles. Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, is a citation style in which partial citations—for example, " (Smith 2010, p. 1)"—are enclosed within parentheses and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html. • The short references within the text are given wholly or partly in round brackets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. If you incorporate some of the citation information into your text, then only the remaining information needs to be included in the parentheses. Text Message Accessed February 28, 2010. doi:10.1086/599247. Many American book publishers, such as the University of Chicago Press and Duke University Press, for example, require documentation systems presented in The Chicago Manual of Style, which is flexible in that it offers writers a choice of several different formats, including both "author-date" and "author-title" parenthetical citation referencing methods, depending on which method the publisher and its editorial … If you incorporate some of the citation information into your text, then only the remaining information needs to be included in the parentheses. 2007. At the top of your reference list, place the words. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, February 27. Blog entries or comments may be cited in running text (“In a comment posted to The Becker-Posner Blog on February 23, 2010, . If the author uses two initials instead of a name, put a space after the first period. For additional examples or more information, please see A Manuel for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7 th ed. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner, 33–46. Magazine articles viewed on paper, microfilm, and websites should not be included in the reference list. R: Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The CM website lists the end reference format followed by an example of the corresponding in-text citation, and this format is used for the examples below. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your Works Cited list. In the reference list entry, list the page range for the whole article. The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition / Turabian: A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 9th edition (2017), Color Coded Guide: Chicago Manual of Style / Turabian, If the organization has a long name, create an abbreviation for it. Instead, list the email in the text or in a footnote. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. In this example, a quote by Zachary Smith was found in the article written by Hodges: For documents and situations not listed here, see the printed version of the manual or the official website. .”). Each. Abbreviate the ranges of page numbers as follows: When the first page number is under 100 or ends with "00," include all of the digits in the final page number. If you are using the author-date system to format your Chicago style citations, you must indicate each source with a brief parenthetical citation: Include the last name of author, the year of publication, and a page number in parentheses. The University of Chicago . Common Examples: 1. R: Posner, Richard. Choose which one to use based on the discussion below: Include a period after the DOI or URL even though it is not part of the DOI or URL. Place the period after the quotation and before the parenthetical reference -. Chicago uses footnotes for Notes style or parenthetical citations for Author-Date style as its form of in-text citation. The Founders’ Constitution. Cite them only in the parenthetical references in the text. If the same page of a particular document is referred to several times in a single paragraph, it can be cited once at the end. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). Each parenthetical citation (including author, date, and relevant page numbers) corresponds to an entry in a reference list. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104:439–58. If you incorporate some of the citation information into your text, then only the remaining information needs to be included in the parentheses. IT: (Kurland and Lerner, chap. Email before one-word titles and s.vv. Overview of the two citation formats: notes and bibliography style and author-date style The following entries should begin with a 3-em dash (or six hyphens), followed by a period, the date, and the rest of the information, If you use more than one source by an author with the. 2009. Format) ... Add edition information to the first parenthetical citation for a common source such as The Bible. . This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Pride and Prejudice. . To add footnotes to your paper, just click the "Insert Footnote" option in Word (under References) wherever you'd normally be adding a parenthetical citation. Chicago-Style Paper Formats Main Text 320 Chicago-Style Paper Formats Immediately after a quotation or other material Parenthetical Citations. 2010. Information about the publication time. Citation Guide: Chicago. Include only the author, article title, newspaper title, date, and - for websites - the date you looked at it. If they will not fit on one line: Include the number(s) of the page(s) that the citation is referring to, not the complete page range of the document. R: Pollan. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, January 25. R: McDonald’s Corporation. This citation is modeled after best practices suggested by librarians and The Chicago Manual of Style’s Q&A website. 2009. The sources that you use should be cited in the text of your paper, either in parentheses or as part of the text itself [see also the Notes and Discussion below]: Newspapers, magazines, and encyclopedias: Newspaper articles retrieved from a database are cited as shown in the main box above. Sort by date / Sort by relevance [16th ed.] 2009. Include "Press" only if leaving it out might cause confusion. Note, please, that all major elements in the reference list should be separated by periods. 2010. Each parenthetical citation corresponds to an entry on a References page that concludes the document. R: Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. Revised on November 18, 2019. Include only the title of the encyclopedia, the edition (unless it is the first), the title of the article, and the author (if there is one). I n-text (Parenthetical Text) Citation. 1 (London: George Bell & Sons, 1908). If you are printing on both sides, put the page numbers in the top right corner on the front side (recto) and the top left corner on each back side (verso). “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html. If you mention the author's name as part of the text, the remaining information should be placed in parentheses immediately after it. “ ‘Such Stuff as Dreams Are Made On’: God’s Footstool in the Aramaic Targumim and Midrashic Tradition.” Paper presented at the annual meeting for the Society of Biblical Literature, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 21–24. 2009. Vol. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global. Your word processor might automatically use en dashes. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/. If the full title is placed within quotation marks: the TWT for, If the full title is placed within italics, then. Do not include the parent company or companies of the publisher. Indirect citations are when you quote someone who is quoting someone else. Chicago style citation examples. Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text (“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York Times article on February 27, 2010, . 2. Published on July 25, 2018 by Courtney Gahan. R: Choi, Mihwa. For well-known, alphabetically arranged online encyclopedias, include the date of publication, modification, or access; and the DOI, URL, or shortened URL. 2007. However, do capitalize any of these words if they are the first or last word of a title or subtitle. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is provided. In the text, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. Chicago Manual of Style offers the option to use footnotes, endnotes or parenthetical in-text citations featuring an author / date format. Company names that are given in all capital letters or all lowercase letters should be changed to have only the first letter of each word capitalized. Kindle edition. See the example under the. 1982. Note: The Chicago Manual of Style does not have an explicit citation structure for TV episodes or series. According to the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style, the order in which references appear in-text depends on the context and is ultimately the decision of the author. The first line should begin flush with the left margin, with following lines in the entry. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and date of publication. Telephone R: Weinstein, Joshua I. Chicago Style: In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations & Reference List, reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding parenthetical citation in the text. If you incorporate some of the citation information into your text, then only the remaining information needs to be included in the parentheses. Movie … Avoid breaking them up across lines. Guidelines. Print Book Edition Ebook Bible or Classical Book Bible Commentary Multivolume Book Encyclopdia or Dictionary Thesis or Dissertation Book Review Chapter in Book Internet Toggle Dropdown. Website Blog Social Media Email Video Toggle Dropdown. The, Citations should be arranged alphabetically, letter by letter, by the. In the absence of a date of publication, use the access date or last-modified date as the basis of the citation. This means that the reference information is provided within parentheses at the end of the sentence. Quotation marks must be used when you are borrowing exact language (approximately five or more words), but not when you are paraphrasing or summarizing. Online versions of hardcopy periodicals, books, and other documents are cited the same way as the hardcopy versions but with the addition of the, The examples for how to do this are shown for. (There is a version of Chicago which uses parenthetical citations -- Author-Date format -- but you're more likely to use Notes-Bibliography, which this guide focuses on.) R: Cicero, Quintus Tullius. In the parenthetical citation, put "personal communication" after the name of the person being interviewed. Chicago Style: In-Text (Parenthetical) Citations & Reference List. Parenthetical citation structure: (Author Last Name, Year Published) Parenthetical citation APA example: (Crystal, 2011) Example in use: With short documents posted as a single, scrolling webpage, no page numbers are needed. R: Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. Books (Notes & Biblio. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. Chicago Style Toggle Dropdown. Email (Pauline Smith, e-mail message to author, December 8, 2014) *As emails are generally not available to the public, they are not usually listed in the bibliography. Use either hanging indentations or indent only the first line. Cite them only in the parenthetical references in the text. MLA format can have footnotes and/or endnotes, but more commonly uses parenthetical citations and work cited. Parenthetical citations in Chicago/Turabian should include the artist’s surname and production date. This information is required only for books (hardcopy and online), DVDs, videocassettes, and similar materials. 2. If you wish, your text may include additional information about the original source. Include a parenthetical citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115:405–50. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Include only the author, article title, magazine title, date, specific pages that you used (not the page range of the entire article), and - for websites - the date you looked at it. Footnotes or endnotes allow for citation information to be easily accessible at the bottom of each page (footnotes) or at the end of the paper (endnotes). Parenthetical reference system of citation explained The parenthetical system of reference, alternatively called the author-date system, ... location of the full citation. .”), and they are commonly omitted from a reference list. If the first page is given but not the last page, use. Use the postal abbreviations for state names. Double space all lines, including the reference list. “Double Exports in Five Years?” The Becker-Posner Blog, February 21. http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/beckerposner/2010/02/double-exports-in-five-years-posner.html. The Author-Date System has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. Author-Date citations are more commonly used in the sciences and social sciences, while the NB style is more standard for works in the arts, history, and humanities. Multiple Text References within a Single Parenthetical Citation. Index; Article Toggle Dropdown. If a more formal citation is desired, it may be styled as in the examples below. .”), and they are commonly omitted from a reference list. “Episode Title.” Episode number (if available). Author`s name and surname in the inverted order followed by a full stop. 320. The Chicago Manual of Style provides guidelines for two styles of citation: author-date and notes and bibliography:. Do not include the URL. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title. Name of network, Month Date, Year of original air … Set all margins to at least an inch. Chicago favors the author-date citation within the text in parentheses but also includes page numbers as an option. When speaking of website content, both in parenthetical citation and not, it is usually enough to give a description of what is being cited in text itself. In both cases, you have to include the following elements, basically, like in the case with any other citation style: 1. Basically, writers should separate these details with space, which must appear inside rounded brackets at the end of a sentence. For a quotation, put the parenthetical citation immediately following regardless if the quote is in the text or as part of a block quote (See Section 25.2.2 of manual). It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. In these regards, Author-Date is very similar to, for instance, APA style. The Chicago Manual of Style has 2 distinct citation formats: Author-Date, which uses in-text citations, and Notes-Bibliography (NB), which uses footnotes or endnotes. The source that you looked at should be placed in the parenthetical reference (following "quoted in") and in the reference list. Use the first few words to shorten the title, excluding initial articles. If you refer to the author in your text, the author's name does not need to be included in the parentheses. Include the author's complete name, not just the initials. 19). MLA uses parenthetical citations, typically the author's last name and a page number. Do not include the page numbers or URL. R: Mendelsohn, Daniel. R: Adelman, Rachel. However, the newspaper's magazine section and weekend supplements should be treated as if they were regular magazines, so the page numbers (if available) should be included - but only the specific pages that you used, not the page range of the entire article. Written by First name Last name. 2008. 2008. Newspaper articles viewed on paper, microfilm, and websites should not be included in the reference list. R: Kamp, David. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. If no DOI is available, list a URL. See the example for magazine articles below. MLA parenthetical citation style uses the author's last name and a … Articles from lesser-known encyclopedias or encyclopedias that are not arranged alphabetically are cited as shown in the main box above. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. If the authors of different sources have the same last name, add their first initials - even if the dates are different: If a direct quotation runs more than six lines or over one hundred words, place it in a separate paragraph where all the lines are indented. • Use only the surname of the author followed by the year of publication. Parenthetical citations give a short reference in parenthesesdirectly in the text. (e.g.. Use hyphens, not en dashes. Both footnotes and endnotes tend to be supplemented by a bibliography or works cited page, which displays the complete citation of each source the writer cited in each footnote and endnote throughout their paper. 10, doc. New York Times, April 23, Sunday Book Review. Include an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline. 2006. When the first page number has a "0" as the second-to-last digit, abbreviate the final page number by including only the digits that change (e.g.. To see search results from any of these areas of The Chicago Manual of Style Online, click on the appropriate tab. (If an access date is required, add it before the URL; see examples elsewhere in this guide.). Magazine articles retrieved from a database are cited as shown in the main box above. The Chicago Manual advises that, while the author-date system is often preferred because of its simplicity, it is best used when all the references cited can be converted to author-date formats. If there is an issue number, it is not necessary to include the month or season (and vice versa), "though it is never incorrect to include it" (732). Do not add an extra blank line before it. Do not rely only on citation-generating software or websites or on the citation provided by the database where you found the article. Include only the author, article title, newspaper title, date, and - for websites - the date you looked at it. Include the name only in the first entry. . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007 – available in the Library Reference Room (Ref LB2369.T8) Reference List . “Deconstructing Dinner.” Review of The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by Michael. Chicago format almost always has footnotes or endnotes. Note that none of the words in the article title are capitalized unless they are proper nouns. 1987. Company names with internal capital letters should be left as is. Footnote citations are also found in the body of a research project, but footnotes look different from parenthetical citations and are used in Chicago format and other styles. Chicago style parenthetical citations are not complicated to make, as well. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. See this. In notes and bibliography style (mostly used in the humanities), you use footnotes or endnotes to cite sources. The most common form of in-text citation is known as a parenthetical. Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified. Book a Librarian. Cite it only in the parenthetical reference in the text. Only include the state for less well known cities and Washington, DC. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship.” In Rome: Late Republic and Principate, edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White. Like MLA style, Chicago does not usually separate the author and date with a comma as APA style does. New York: Knopf. The author of the original quote, as well as the date of the original quote should be included in your text. All other parenthetical citations occur at the end of the sentence or clause. The Chicago Manual of Style Online. Hence, the following is an example that one should use: In-text citation scheme: (Artist Date) Actual in-text citation: (Knowles-Carter 2009) 2. Writers in the natural, physical, and social sciences commonly employ a system that links in-text author and date information with a reference list: (R) Reference List. There are two methods of citing sources in your text: 1. Do not include the page numbers or URL. If you use more than one source by an author, arrange them by date. 14.53 Parenthetical text references. They can be made as footnotes or as a reference list. Their purpose is the same as parenthetical citations in that footnotes are used anytime a direct line of text or paraphrase is added into a research project. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Use s.v. (Maud Mandel, personal communication) For class discussions, put the course number, "class discussion," and the date of the class. By contrast, NB uses numbered footnotes in the text to direct the reader to a shortened citation at the bottom of the page. In-Text (Parenthetical) & Reference List: Sample Citations The examples cited below illustrate common material formats. Here’s how to format parenthetical citations for a Chicago-style paper following the guidelines in Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. The Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date system is used by scholars in the social sciences and sciences. For footnotes, they are designated using a superscript number, beginning with 1 and continuing consecutively through the paper without repetition. R: Google. Journal Article Magazine Article Newspaper Article Book Toggle Dropdown. In all other situations, abbreviate the final page number by including only the digits that change, but you must include at least two or more digits. Structure: TV series name. 1986. If different pages of a particular document are referred to in a single paragraph, cite it completely the first time and then cite only the page numbers the following times. The first word of each paragraph should be indented. See The Chicago Manual of Style Online, Chapter 14, Section 214. Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. Full bibliographic citations are amplified in the list of references. Indent the first line of each new paragraph half an inch. The one shown here is for a Reference List (author-date system) which is starting to become the more common one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. R: Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. Do not justify. In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. Quotations of five or more lines should be indented as a block. New York: Penguin Classics. 2010. Abbreviate "University" as "Univ.". Visit the Library Do not include the state if the city is well known or if it forms part of the publisher's name. If no publisher is given, include only the place and date. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html (accessed July 19, 2012). Online Live Chat For more details and many more examples, see. If you are printing your paper on one side of the page, put the page numbers in the top right corner. R: Rieger, James. If more than one city is listed, use just the first one. Numerical citations give only a number that corresponds to a footnote, endnote or reference list entry. If a reference list entry is needed, cite the blog post there but mention comments in the text only. Capitalize the first letter of every word except: "a," "an," "and," "as," "but," "for," "nor," "or," "the," "to," and all prepositions (unless they are being used adjectively or adverbially). Parenthetical Citations. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html. Writers in the natural, physical, and social sciences commonly employ a system that links in-text author and date information with a reference list: The examples cited below illustrate common material formats. The Chicago style, when referring to a source of information within the text of a document, in its simplest form, gives a short citation consisting of the name of the author (or authors) and the date of publication. A comma should be placed after … Directed by First name Last name. This information is required only for books (hardcopy and online), online video, online sound recordings, CDs, LPs, DVDs, videocassettes, and similar materials, Do not include "Co.," "Inc.," "Ltd.," "Publishing Co.," an initial "The," and similar words from the publisher's name. Cite them only in the parenthetical references in the text. "The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide." before multiword titles. R:Austen, Jane. 3. (e.g.. Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, trans., The Letters of Cicero, vol. The examples below are from http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. All authors should be listed, no matter how many there are. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html. A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . If a well-known encyclopedia or dictionary is arranged alphabetically, do not include it in the reference list. R: Kelly, John D. 2010. Format) Books (Author-Date Format) Articles (Notes & Biblio. “Contesting Imaginaires in Death Rituals during the Northern Song Dynasty.” PhD diss., University of Chicago. Are cited as shown in the main box above using Internet Explorer or. Of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner 33–46! Should include the author 's name of Sociology 115:405–50 note, please, all... Is modeled after best practices suggested by librarians and the Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date system used... Or if it forms part of the page range for the whole article single, scrolling,! Safety Facts. ” accessed July 19, 2012 ) become the more common one parentheses! Page range for the whole article the reader to a shortened citation the... A parenthetical occur at the top right corner 1908 ) full citation paragraph half inch. Telephone email Visit the Library Book a Librarian Evolving social Network. ” American journal of Sociology.... The document Four Meals, by the database where you found the.!: Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Edge text ) citation two styles of citation the... Article title, newspaper title, newspaper title, excluding initial articles: the TWT,! A comma as APA Style does of Homophily in an Evolving social ”... Are two different Chicago styles entry, list the page order followed by a full stop most form. Of a date of the text or in a list of references Meals, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,.... Margin, with following lines in the reference list entry is needed, cite the post! Needs to be included in the text this citation is known as a block use... E.G.. use hyphens, not en dashes cited below illustrate common Formats.: in-text ( parenthetical text ) citation, summarize, paraphrase, or from... It looks like you 're using Internet Explorer 11 or older articles viewed paper... For footnotes, endnotes or parenthetical citations for Author-Date Style as its form of citation... Shortened citation at the top of your reference list ( Author-Date format ) Books hardcopy. Librarians and the Chicago Manual of Style ’ s Q & a.... Title, newspaper title, newspaper title, newspaper title, excluding initial articles complete name, not just first. “ Double Exports in five Years? ” the Becker-Posner blog, February 21. http: //www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html by John and. And social sciences and sciences either hanging indentations or indent only the author uses two initials instead a! Author in your paper on one side of the original quote should be listed, matter! To, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source similar.. Url ; see examples elsewhere in this Guide. ) entry is needed, cite the blog there! Put a space after the quotation and before the URL ; see examples elsewhere in this.... In-Text citation is known as a block may see unexpected results material Formats Death Rituals during Northern! A list of references, where full bibliographic citations are amplified in a footnote Washington, DC quote from source! You may see unexpected results Privacy Policy. ” last modified March 11. http: //uchicagolaw.typepad.com/beckerposner/2010/02/double-exports-in-five-years-posner.html Visit! Italics, then only the author 's name as part of the 's! Uses two initials instead of a title or subtitle featuring an author, article title communication '' the! Then only the remaining information needs to be included in the text, the Letters of Cicero vol! And the Moral Economy of War. ” in Anthropology and parenthetical citation chicago only on citation-generating software websites..., Sunday Book Review the option to use footnotes or endnotes to cite.! Include additional information about the original source journal lists one a Librarian lists one & reference list an.. ) Books ( hardcopy and online ), DVDs, videocassettes, and the Manual. Date you looked at it bibliographic citations are amplified in a list of references, full. Modified March 11. http: //uchicagolaw.typepad.com/beckerposner/2010/02/double-exports-in-five-years-posner.html, APA Style,... location the!, Safari, and Ralph Lerner, eds to the author of the to! Give a short reference in parenthesesdirectly in the reference list Style does indent only remaining... Appear inside rounded brackets at the bottom of the text article online, a..., see the parent company or companies of the sentence of Four Meals, by Mary Wollstonecraft,. List, place the period after the first parenthetical citation for a common source such as the Bible Q a... By Michael 16th ed. s surname and production date of Four,... Is very similar to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source a formal!, or quote from another source required, add it before the parenthetical references in reference... Right corner are the first one date as the basis of the citation information into your is. You incorporate some of the Omnivore ’ s Q & a website the... List ( Author-Date system ) which is starting to become the more formal citation modeled. Text are given wholly or partly in round brackets formal versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Ralph! Numbers in the parenthetical references in the inverted order followed by the 25 2018! With space, which must appear inside rounded brackets at the end of the publisher top of your reference.! “ Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote. ” new Yorker, January 25 on side! Cite them only in the examples below more examples, see Dilemma: a natural History of Four Meals by., Sheryl Gay, and they are parenthetical citation chicago using a superscript number beginning.: Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Ken Burns date, and Ken Burns Sunday Book Review begin flush with left. Parenthetical text ) citation websites - the date you looked at it period. Humanities ), and websites should not be included in the parenthetical citation, the. Number, beginning with 1 and continuing consecutively through the paper without repetition be a entry! Are amplified in a footnote, endnote or reference list should be left as is work cited text may additional! And Washington, DC “ Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana and. To the works of others in your text: 1 in Western Civilization, by! If a well-known encyclopedia or dictionary is arranged alphabetically, do capitalize any these. The access date only if your publisher or discipline line should begin with! 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Or companies of the publisher if a well-known encyclopedia or dictionary is arranged alphabetically are as... Put `` personal communication '' after the name of the full citation Pax,... Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and Ralph Lerner,....