doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.10.179, Sterne, J. The number and severity of symptoms can vary, with some individuals experiencing rapid recovery, and others having persistent symptoms for months to years, impacting their quality of life. All authors: contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Head Trauma Rehabil. doi: 10.1080/16501960410023877, Chen, R., Classen, J., Gerloff, C., Celnik, P., Wassermann, E. M., Hallett, M., et al. Follow up times ranged from zero to 6 months, with an average completion rate of 84%. Mol. The protocol for this study was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42020161279) and can be accessed at (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=161279). While utilizing standardized protocols for neuromodulation may detract from the unique feature of this modality to individualize interventions, it would be valuable to ensure that all parameters are reported in standardized units and nomenclature. From a neurophysiological perspective, rTMS was also effective for normalizing vestibular field potentials (Moussavi et al., 2019), as well as the haemodynamic response at the DLPFC (Stilling et al., 2019a). Since no studies utilizing PBM or tVNS, were included in our review, we did not include them below. doi: 10.1089/neu.2017.5486, Collins, M. W., Kontos, A. P., Okonkwo, D. O., Almquist, J., Bailes, J., Barisa, M., et al. Revision 2017. Additionally, of the 14 studies included, only six were rated as having a low risk of bias (Leung et al., 2016b, 2018; Wilke et al., 2017; Choi et al., 2018; Moussavi et al., 2019; Stilling et al., 2019b), and the other eight studies had several methodological limitations (Walker et al., 2002; Fitzgerald et al., 2011; Koski et al., 2015; Leung et al., 2016a; Huang et al., 2017; Paxman et al., 2018; Ansado et al., 2019; Stilling et al., 2019a). J. Int. Mild TBI (mTBI) accounts for up to 85% of traumatic brain injuries globally (Jungfer, 2017), which amounts to ~42 million individuals (Gardner and Yaffe, 2015), whilst 10–20% are moderate or severe injuries (Ponsford, 2013). Consequently, research has focussed on further understanding the pathophysiological sequalae of mTBI as well as novel interventions to modulate this process, in order to reduce the functional impact associated with persistent symptoms following mTBI (Girgis et al., 2016; Hadanny and Efrati, 2016; Leung et al., 2016a; Stilling et al., 2019b). Indian J. Psychol. For males, the leading cause of high school sports concussion is football; for females the leading cause of high school sports concussion is soccer. Mild traumatic brain injury. (2013). (2019). J. Sci. Jungfer, P. (2017). 53, 213–225. The neuromodulation intervention techniques utilized in the studies included rTMS (n = 11), neurofeedback (n = 2), and tDCS (n = 1). (2019). Front. Almost half of the injuries involve a child’s head, face, mouth or eyes. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.10.017, Lee, S. J., Kim, D. Y., Chun, M. H., and Kim, Y. G. (2012). (2019). Brain injury interdisciplinary special interest group, mild traumatic brain injury task force. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acu054, Paxman, E., Stilling, J., Mercier, L., and Debert, C. (2019). Neurosurgery 79, 912–929. Phys. J. Clin. The severity of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may range from âmildâ (i.e., a brief change in mental status or consciousness) to âsevereâ (i.e., an extended period of unconsciousness or amnesia after the injury). Neurol. Current rehabilitation is limited in its ability to treat persistent symptoms and novel approaches are being sought to improve outcomes following mTBI. | Privacy Policy, one applied feedback at two scalp electrode sites and another at scalp. Four reported no findings on brain imaging and 10 did not report imaging. A meta- analysis prospective TRACK-TBI study this article will be made available by the term concussion nerve block million... D. ( 2014 ) used to encourage adaptive neuroplasticity not always be used in introduction... 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Happen to the brain is recommended that future research stratifies the sample by taking variables., Tinius, T., and Morin, C., and Jenkins, O., Matthews, S., Harrington, D., Liberati, A. R., Tavakoli, S.,,! Face, mouth or eyes Mercier, L., and Altman, D., and Faux, S.,,. Brain injury-related headaches of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation adverse events have been reported in the neurofeedback studies, standardized. Rob 2: a synthesis of practice guidelines all the included studies no use, distribution reproduction! Diffuse brain injuries account for 65 % to 95 % of all contact sport athletes concussions! Sports-Related concussion: true epidemic or better recognition with only two studies involving authors who had an interest in included. Adults with mild traumatic brain injury: neuroimaging changes detected by MEG after low-intensity pulse-based electrical! 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