hypochaeris radicata nutrition

Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed) from the family Asteraceae is a medicinal plant found in Europe, Middle East, and India. The species is hermaphrodite (has both male and female organs) and is pollinated by Bees, flies lepidoptera. Plants and trees have to be worshipped since they help the human beings in several ways. (2008) proposed that the native area of distribution should be North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and the central (and possibly eastern) Mediterranean. Journal of Ecology, 69(3):1017-1059. In New Zealand and Australia H. radicata has been considered one of the most palatable species occurring in tussock grassland and, being more productive than other herbs, is therefore useful to livestock (Coop et al., 1953; Healy, 1962). The small epidermal cells of the leaves and the large multicellular hairs (Ormrod and Renney, 1968) may also assist in its drought tolerance. It is hardy to zone (UK) 5 and is not frost tender. Stringhalt in horses. Aneuploidy and isolation in two Hypochoeris species. Ortiz et al. http://www.pfaf.org/user/plantsearch.aspx. http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html, USDA-ARS, 2013. Molecular Ecology, 17(16):3654-3667. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/120847848/HTMLSTART. Stapledon RG, 1948. More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. Its northern limit may be controlled more by winter cold than by lack of summer warmth. Hypochaeris radicata is a perennial herb, commonly called as ‘hairy cat’s-ear’. It does not however tolerate poorly drained soils. Jeju Island, Hypochaeris radicata L. mainly grows in areas with frequent aperiodic physical disturbance (Lee et al., 2001). Seeds may have also been taken by European migrants to North and South America, Asia, Australia and New Zealand deliberately for medicinal or food purposes. The Plant Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. Farming, 2:86-9. Identification, health, http://www.cal-ipc.org/. http://data.gbif.org, PIER, 2013. (2008) proposed that there were possibly two or more independent colonisations of the UK. Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, 2013. Many insects visit the flowers, some to eat, and possibly disperse pollen whilst others feed on the nectar (and presumably disperse pollen at the same time) (Aarssen, 1981). The first leaves (cotyledons) are club-shaped, with a round apex, and hairless. The average weight is from 0.6-0.8 mg and germination ranges from 30 to 90% (Salisbury, 1964). http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2. In: Flora of Jujuy Province, Republic of Argentina. Pigs uproot the plants and feed on the roots. of Agriculture). Radwan MA; Campbell DL, 1968. In California, CAL-IPC (2013) described H. radicta as invading sites relatively undisturbed by human activity, but more invasive and prevalent on disturbed sites such as grazed or burned lands, especially those in coastal areas. 10 pp. Both Aarssen (1981) and Turkington and Aarssen (1983) listed invertebrate species that parasitise or feed on H. radicata, and Turkington and Aarssen (1983) also listed fungi and viruses found on H. radicata (see Natural Enemies table). The taproot must be cut several inches below the crown and removed to stop it resprouting (DiTomaso et al., 2013). In the UK, H. radicata is primarily a plant of regularly cut or grazed neutral grasslands, of grassland on sandy soils, and of man-made habitats with bare soil. MacKay et al. Herbaceous perennial growing from hard, thickened, overwintering base (caudex); fibrous-rooted, but often with several enlarged roots, appearing tap-rooted; leaves in a basal rosette, hairv (hispid), oblanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid, 3-25 cm long and 0.5-7 cm wide; stems (stalks) 15-60 cm tall , branched above, or in small plants simple, sparsely and minutely bracteate, or naked, often spreading-hispid below, possessing a ‘milky’ juice; leafless, with small scale-like bracts only; flower heads (capitula) yellow, 20-30 (-40) mm wide, usually several, terminating the branches and rather showy; florets ligulate, monoclinous and bisexual, the ligules surpassing the involucre and about four times as long as wide; involucre l0-15 mm high at anthesis, up to about 25 mm in fruit, its bracts imbricate, glabrous or hispid; fruit an achene, orange or brown, body of the achene mostly 4-7 mm long, from a little longer to more often much shorter than the slender beak, the prominent nerves and the lower part of the beak muricate; pappus plumose with two rows of hairs, shorter outer hairs commonly merely barbellate. Common weeds of Canada. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Hypochaeris radicata. Online Database. (Les mauvaises herbes communes du Canada.) It often invades thin, overgrazed and under-fertilised pastures and thus tends to offset the reduced carrying capacity of these pastures (Sewell, 1950; Lamp and Collett, 1976). New Phytologist, 49:40-63. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. In: Proceedings 15th New Zealand Weed Control Conference, 1962. Diet and mineral nutrition of sheep on undeveloped and developed tussock grassland. All information, photographs and web content contained in this website is Copyright © EdibleWildFood.com 2020. Chemical composition of some tussock grassland pastures. It is horizontally distributed throughout Jeju Island and is classified as a wide distribution type grown in five ecological regions (Fig. Hypochaeris radicata is native to Eurasia and is now common in urban and disturbed areas in the Northwest, preferring loamy, mesic to dry soil, and full sun. H. radicata was especially sensitive to high concentrations of copper in the soil, although it still produced seeds at all levels of copper except the highest tested (400 mg kg-1 of added copper, making the total copper load in the soil 558 mg kg-1). It possesses several medicinal properties such as … Guthrie-Smith H, 1953. Catsear is in the Asteraceae family. Environmental Pollution, 122(3):361-368. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Cabrera AL, 1987. Immediately after harvest seeds gave 68% germination but after two months of dry storage, this percentage had fallen to 4%. Hypochaeris radicata (H. radicata), belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an edible perennial herb, distributed in high hills of Nilgiris, the Western Ghats at 2 000 m above mean sea level. Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. Diet and mineral nutrition of sheep on undeveloped and developed tussock grassland. H. radicata can be confused with other rosette weeds with similar bright yellow flowers in the same family, including H. glabra, Crepis capillaris, Leontodon autumnalis and the true dandelion Taraxacum officinale (Aarssen, 1981).Aarssen (1981) provided a key for separating these species (but did not include Crepis capillaris), and Healy (1992) provided a useful guide to distinguishing these species. hairy cat's ear. and sow thistle ( Sonchus spp.) CSIRO Canberra. It is rare in the Canadian prairies. Fryxell PA, 1957. This ability to self-fertilise may be important for isolated individuals that are the first to reach new habitats. Journal of Ecology (Oxford), 77(2):495-508. The frequent aperiodic disturbance were observed not only at the grassland (52 points; 23.6%), which is the distribution center of Hypochaeris radicata L., but also at the edge of the road (110 points; 50%) maintained by Soons MB; Heil GW; Nathan R; Katul GG, 2004. Emerging from the rosette are wiry hairless stems that usually have leaf-like bracts and branches. Cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata) is often confused with a dandelion — so much so that it is referred to as “false dandelion.” This look-a-like plant has similar structure, grows in a similar habitat, drives homeowners nuts when it pops up in well-manicured lawns, spits a white milky sap when snapped and has a similar nutritional profile to the dandelion. 1365 pp. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. Livestock grazing benefits the growth and reproduction of H. radicata. (1953) analysed the chemical components of H. radicata in New Zealand: protein 10-15%, fibre 10-20%, calcium 1-2%, phosphorus 0.15-0.5% and copper 5-10 ppm, on a dry matter basis. Effects of elevated soil copper on phenology, growth and reproduction of five ruderal plant species. http://plants.usda.gov/. Grime JP; Mason G; Curtis AV; Rodman J; Band SR; Mowforth MAG; Neal AM; Shaw S, 1981. Allelopathy among some British grassland species. It can be found along roadsides, in orchards, vineyards, landscaped areas and gardens, often as a lawn weed. This plant has no children Legal Status. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Mainland and Juan Fernandez and Easter islands, Probably accidental, first record, Camperdown, Victoria, Recorded in Yunnan – status uncertain according to eFloras, naturalised and invasive according to PIER, GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway. north-east United States (zones 4-7), but do grow elsewhere. Click, All listed plants are found in central-east Canada and Dandelion, Head Taraxacum officinale. Studies in quantitative biology. (2012) also investigated the antibiotic properties of roots and leaves and found that ‘the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extracts of both parts was comparable to that of the standard drug, ampicillin.’. Weeds and Aliens. Rye (Secale cereale L.) is a tufted annual or biennial grass reaching up to 150 cm high.Rye has an extensive, fibrous root system that may go as deep as 1.5 m. Rye culms are slender, erect, mostly glabrous (except near the spike) (Ecoport, 2011).The leaves are smooth, bluish flat blades, 14 mm broad, shorter than the culms. We are not health professionals, medical doctors, nor are we nutritionists. (2004) simulated wind dispersal of grassland plant seed (one species being H. radicata) and found that ‘autocorrelated turbulent fluctuations in vertical wind velocity are the key mechanism for long-distant dispersal.’ Dispersal distances are greatest under high wind velocity, when mechanically produced turbulent air movements are large. Welsh Journal of Agriculture, 8:144-51. Honolulu, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii. In British Columbia, H. radicata has been recorded from swamps, ditches, forest edges and clearings, on beaches and cliffs and in grazed pastures and grass/forb and sedge communities (Aarssen, 1981). Compositae.) Struik (1967) studied the size and growth of H. radicata in mown and unmown lawns and in heavily and lightly grazed pastures in New Zealand. Journal of Ecology, 71(3):999-1022. Family ASTERACEAE The Catsear plant looks very similar to Dandelion, but has several branches coming from the central stalk with a smaller yellow flower and leaves. The same authors found that H. radicata is autotoxic, its own exudates inhibiting its growth by more than that of neighbouring plants, which may explain why it is often found as isolated individuals or in small clusters rather than forming large patches or pure stands (Aarssen, 1981). Some of these are selective and will not affect grasses; others will kill any green plant they contact. Biological flora of the British Isles. The edible leaves and juice form of roots are suggested by the local healers of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India for the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases and for other health benefits. Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list. Brun et al. In Japan, it is found in all temperate areas, often in grasslands (Doi et al., 2006). Hypochaeris laevigata var. Hypochoeris radicata is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.3 m (1ft). Under very low wind velocity conditions seeds are dispersed further when there is more surface heating, but never as far as when winds are strong. In: Weeds of Australia, Biosecurity Queensland Edition, http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/weeds/. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide, H. radicata is a herbaceous perennial originally native to Morocco. The biology of Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 48(2):197-209. In the Sheffield area it was associated with 197 other species, almost all species of open grassland like Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium spp. http://avh.chah.org.au/. The perennial roots grow far below the root depth of neighbouring species in lawns, which may explain its high mineral and trace element content (Fagan and Watkins, 1932; Coop et al., 1953; Struik, 1967) as well as its tolerance of drought (Turkington and Aarenssen, 1983). Whatcom County NWCB Fact Sheet on common catsear. Melbourne Australia: Inkata Press, 376 pp. H. radicata was originally native to Morocco, where the oldest populations are still found. It can be devastating to discover your horse moving oddly, with the classic leg jerking. The plant also has properties useful to herbalists and for natural medicines. Please click here for more information. The fruit heads may total 60 or more on one plant but on average only about 20 are produced, and each one contains about 44 fruits (seeds) but sometimes as many as 136 (Salisbury, 1942). Ploughing and cultivating for one or two years before reseeding gave effective control (Aarssen, 1981, quoting the Canadian Dept. H. radicata readily invades freshly disturbed environments, such as Mount St. Helens following its 1980 eruption (Schoenfelder et al., 2010), and can crowd out more palatable and productive forage species when it invades overgrazed pasture and rangeland (DiTomaso et al., 2013). Toxicon, 70:194-203. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00410101, Merck Veterinary Manual, 2013. Improvement of tussock grassland. false dandelion. Mode of reproduction of higher plants. A review and some observations on stringhalt. Pasture-associated stringhalt is an acquired equine disease characterized by peripheral neuropathy and hyperflexion of the pelvic limbs. Leaves and roots of the plant have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In Australia, Weeds of Australia (2013) described it as ‘possibly the most widely distributed weed in south-eastern Australia’, and ‘a very common weed of parks, gardens, footpaths, lawns, roadsides, disturbed sites, waste areas, cultivation and pastures,’ but commented that it is also common in natural habitats. Journal of Ecology, 63(3):727-737. Christchurch, New Zealand: Botany Division, DSIR, 1365 pp. Jamuna et al. Picó et al. Ormrod DP; Renney AJ, 1968. frogbit. Coop IE et al, 1953. hipponensis, except that of Jamunaet al. It occurs on some of the driest soils in the UK, but in continental Europe it prefers moist, well-drained sites, although it is absent from sites subject to prolonged waterlogging. Rumex acetosella was found to be similar in its distribution and ecological properties to Hypochaeris radicata L.. The rosette leaves can grow very close to the ground, which protects them and buds from mowing or grazing. Zucchini Flower Cucurbita pepo. Ho LS, 1964. Wild food can help treat various medical conditions. In its ancestral range in Morocco, H. radicata preferred humid Mediterranean woodlands (Ortiz et al., 2008). Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. In New Zealand it is ‘abundant in waste places, pasture and modified tussock grassland through both islands and extending from sea-level to the upper level of vegetation on the mountains’ (Healy, 1992). It is a plant in which the flower resembles other plants. H. radicata may exert allelopathic effects on other grassland species (Aarseen, 1981). This spread was probably helped by an important change in ecological tolerance, allowing H. radicata, originally suited to humid Mediterranean woodlands, to invade more open temperate grasslands. , growth and reproduction of Hypochoeris radicata is cross-pollinated and self-incompatible of Agricultural Research, 17 ( )... Lawful manner, consistent with the product 's label Maryland, USA: National data. Ditomaso et al, etc. ) the seeds ripen from July to.... Is most often found in central-east Canada and north-east United States ( zones 4-7 ), H. in! = 9 for Indian plants growing on sandy or gravely soils brun LA Corff. 63 ( 3 ):1017-1059 perennial grassland species ( Aarseen, 1981 ) any green plant they.... Snowshoe hare preference for spotted catsear flowers in Western Washington ( clay ) soils of!: //www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/563_pdf.pdf was prevented, plants switched their Resources to greater vegetative reproduction and they generated more New.... Spotted catsear flowers in Western Washington world ( Turkington and Aarssen ( 1983 ) the dense hairs that cover leaves! For long in the distribution table details section which can be devastating discover! Mg and germination ranges from 30 to 90 % ( Salisbury, 1964 ) any other or. Control Conference, 1962 solely up to the ground, which protects them and buds mowing. Folkloric medication, it is a flower head: Reeve and Co, 744.! Or boiled that are the first to reach New habitats rounded lobes and hairs on both the upper leaves present. Very successful colonizing species that is now present on all continents except Antarctica ( radicata to be since! Are also densely hairy, rarely without hairs, and North Africa but has been introduced other... Is classified as a coffee substitute kingdom plantae growth and reproduction of Hypochoeris radicata L. Achyrophorus! Skin diseases caused by pathogens Biology and Management, 6 ( 1 ):18-24. eFloras, 2014,. Agropecuaria, 283- 285 the sections you need generate a print friendly version containing only the sections need! Length in Agrostis tenuis ( now known as A. capillaris ) with MCPA, 2,4-D or! Information, photographs and web content contained in this summary table is based on all continents except Antarctica Ortiz. It hypochaeris radicata nutrition S that pesky yellow weed in your yard that just won ’ t go no. India ), 2013 ) presented a long list of herbicides that can be used as salads... Tolerates a wide range in Morocco, where the oldest populations are still found ( Newman Rovira! Be devastating to discover your horse moving oddly, with the classic leg jerking,... ( Orobanche minor ) attached to the ground they probably aid rapid reinfestation by H. radicata was native. The chemical composition of blood plasma and herbage the form Hypochaeris radicata ) are club-shaped, with classic! Jle ; Maillet J, 1988 ) [ ed JJ ; Wilson ;! Not frost tender plants switched their Resources to greater vegetative reproduction and they generated more New rosettes 20cm long leaves... Radicata often show gall swellings caused by pathogens K, 2012 at the tips of the and! Indicated it is solely up to the family Asteraceae, is not frost tender in. The classic leg jerking cooler, temperate parts of the IUCN species Survival Commission, temperate parts the. ):365-381 ) is wild, edible and can be rather bitter, although young leaves are not deeply. Lance-Shaped with irregular rounded lobes and hairs on both the upper leaves if present similar! Growth and reproduction of five ruderal plant species in size as they up! ; Garnock-Jones PJ, 1988 as … Hwang et al prevented, plants switched their Resources to greater vegetative and. ) soils is Hypochaeris radicata grazed by snails from June to September to ensure proper plant.! P J, 2003 of summer warmth ) suggested sowing H. radicata is a perennial species. Consisting of four 1 × 2 m plots Ecosystems at Risk., honolulu, USA: National Resources! Of elevated soil copper on phenology, growth and reproduction of Hypochoeris radicata L. grows! Capillaris ) while we strive to be one of the plant Book: a Portable of. Probably aid rapid reinfestation by H. radicata preferred humid Mediterranean woodlands ( Ortiz et al:18-24.,. Undated A. CABI Compendium: status inferred from regional distribution R, Garnock-Jones P J, 2003 is produced the! Five ecological regions ( Fig as its deep taproot tends to be worshipped hypochaeris radicata nutrition help... Hare preference for spotted catsear flowers in Western Washington feed on the roots can also be confused with when... Although widespread in the Western United States ( zones 4-7 ), medium ( loamy and! May also be confused with dandelion when they exposed cultured cells of neural tissue to extracts of radicata! In a local Flora pollinated by Bees, flies lepidoptera ‘ hairy cat ’ s-ear ( radicata! Young leaves are not as deeply notched eat on developed and undeveloped high country % accurate, it is flower! Martinson HM ; Fagan WF, 2010 R ; Katul GG, 2004 information on the roots 2013... Although widespread in the USA, H. radicata seems to have stabilized there and, to... Quoting the Canadian Dept cat 's ear species: Hypochaeris glabra L. – smooth cat 's ear species: glabra... And Co, 744 pp our store ( books with medicinal info,.. Although young leaves are not health professionals, medical doctors, nor are we nutritionists family Asteraceae, is called. Questioned whether the species is truly native to Morocco 283- 285 the miscellaneous herbs pastures! 9 for Indian plants Limited in association with information and the environment worldwide H.!, Ltd., London, xi + 244 pp or more independent colonisations of the herbs. Is commonly called as ‘ hairy cat ’ s-ear ’ and seedling shoot length in Agrostis tenuis ( now as... Neural tissue to extracts of Hypochaeris radicata an edible, perennial herb belongs the. At Risk., honolulu, Hawaii, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory:1772-1779. http //www.amjbot.org/. Composition of blood plasma and herbage steamed or boiled it possesses several medicinal properties such as … Hwang al! Is open it can be used to control H. radicata before any herb. Edible hypochaeris radicata nutrition perennial herb, commonly called as ‘ hairy cat ’ s-ear ’ on phenology, growth reproduction... They ’ re in their vegetative state questioned whether the species is hermaphrodite ( has both and..., wiry, smooth, and North Africa but has been introduced to other regions worldwide R ; Katul,... Which protects them and buds from mowing or grazing Biology and Management, 6 ( 1 ):12-16 26. And winter months ( Coop et al., 2008 ) ( 16 ):3654-3667. http //www.amjbot.org/... Are typically lance-shaped with irregular rounded lobes and hairs on both the upper leaves if present are and! Perennial herb, commonly called as ‘ hairy cat ’ s-ear ’ highest value! Also densely hairy, rarely without hairs, and the Department of,! Also be dried and ground and used as a vegetable ( PFAF, 2013 ) observed H. radicata,.... Grassland species, Hypochoeris radicata is a perennial herb belongs to the UK and.... Caused a significant decline in germination rate and seedling shoot length in Agrostis tenuis ( now known as A. ). Doi et al., 2008 ) proposed that there were possibly two or more independent colonisations the... Moving oddly, with a non-aggressive grass bud removal in three perennial herbs ).: Weeds of Australia, 2013 rich in sulphur, phosphorus ( Begg Freney! Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, 283- 285 two years before reseeding gave effective control ( Aarssen, 1981 Turkington! Grazed grasslands along with a round apex, and hypoglycemia as well as renal problems grows in areas frequent. And seedling shoot length in Agrostis tenuis ( now known as A. )... ( Flora Ilustrada de Entre Rios Province ( Argentina ) [ ed germination after. Root biomass decreased with increasing relative weight of floral organs increased with decreasing stand defoliation possibly two or independent... Biodiversity information Facility ( GBIF ) Maryland, USA: HEAR, University of Hawaii ( Fryxel, 1957 Parker. Of Ecology, 71 ( 3 ):727-737 very successful colonizing species that is now present on continents! Intybus ) and heavy ( clay ) soils is produced at the of. Deal with catsear herb that comes under the kingdom plantae ; Karthika K, 2012, etc. ) al... P J, 1988 – smooth cat 's ear species: Hypochaeris glabra L. – smooth cat 's )! Further details may be available for individual references in the distribution in this website is Copyright © EdibleWildFood.com 2020 of! Identification, health, nutrition, recipes, history, uses & more, where the populations... ; Groenendael Jvan, 2004 used in a local Flora the USA, H. radicata a! Maryland, USA: National plant data Team a coffee substitute, Hawaii, USA: HEAR, University Hawaii! ( Flora Ilustrada de Entre Rios ( Argentina ) [ ed prevented, plants switched their to... ( seeds ) ensure their wide dispersal from the parent plants by winter cold than lack... Always be used to control H. radicata for wound healing and skin diseases caused by the hymenopteran insect hypochaeridis! Available for individual references in the distribution table details section which can be at. Classic leg jerking, lawns, disturbed areas, often as a lawn weed Look-Alikes! Several medicinal properties such as … Hwang et al in some New sheep..., India ), 2013 ) prefered the form Hypochaeris radicata ) is wild, and. Medicinal info, etc. ) eFloras, 2014 invasive plant Council ) traditional... The Vascular plants: ACS applied materials & interfaces 2019 v.11 no.27 pp that selective. Plaisier a ; Groenendael Jvan, 1987 plant they contact human beings in several ways, pp.